{"id":7769,"date":"2025-03-20T10:25:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T10:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jurnalist24.uz\/?p=7769"},"modified":"2025-03-20T10:37:22","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T10:37:22","slug":"xorijiy-mamlakatlarda-sudyalar-hamjamiyati-organlarining-hujjatlarini-qabul-qilish-va-ozgartirish","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jurnalist24.uz\/?p=7769","title":{"rendered":"Xorijiy mamlakatlarda sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining hujjatlarini qabul qilish va o’zgartirish "},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sud hokimiyatining mustaqilligini ta’minlash O’zbekiston Respublikasini rivojlantirishning ustuvor yo ‘nalishlarini samarali amalga oshirish va umuman o’tkazilayotgan islohotlarning muvaffaqiyatining asosiy shartlaridan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shu munosabat bilan, o’tgan yillar davomida sud mustaqilligining konstitutsiyaviy kafolatlarining amaliy amalga oshirilishini ta’minlash, sudni inson huquqlari va erkinliklarini ishonchli himoya qilish va himoya qilish, mamlakatda qonuniylikni ta’minlash uchun mo’ljallangan davlat hokimiyatining chinakam mustaqil tarmog’iga aylantirishga qaratilgan muhim ishlar amalga oshirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunda sudyalar – sudyalar hamjamiyati vakillarining sud tizimi ishlarini mustaqil boshqarishdagi rolini tubdan oshirishga alohida e’tibor qaratildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shu munosabat bilan sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining hujjatlarini qabul qilish va o’zgartirish bo’yicha xorijiy tajriba qiziq.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BMT sudyalari va advokatlarining mustaqilligi to’g’risidagi maxsus ma’ruzachining 2009 yildagi tavsiyasida sudyalarni tanlash masalalari bo’yicha mustaqil organni tashkil etish zarurligi qayd etilgan bo’lib, uning tarkibida ko’pchilik sudyalarni tashkil qilishi kerak, bu esa har qanday siyosiy yoki boshqa tashqi aralashuvga yo’l qo’ymaslikka imkon beradi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hozirgi vaqtda Evropa davlatlarida sud hokimiyatini yagona davlat hokimiyatining mustaqil va mustaqil tarmog’i sifatida rivojlantirishning bir necha yo’nalishlari, ya’ni Odil sudlovni boshqarish sohasida maxsus organlarni tashkil etish orqali sudyalar jamoalari tizimini mustahkamlash, shuningdek sud ishlarini yuritish, amaliyot va vakolatlarning rolini oshirish orqali amalga oshirildi. sudya tuzilmalari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evropa darajasida sudyalar hamjamiyatining tuzilishi, tarkibi va roli bo’yicha minimal standartlarni o’rnatish bo’yicha katta sa’y-harakatlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Shunday qilib, Evropa Kengashi 1994 yil 13.10. \u2116r (94) 12-sonli tavsiyasida sudyalarning mustaqilligi, samaradorligi va roli to’g’risida ularni tanlash va martaba o’sishi bo’yicha funktsiyalarni sud tizimi vakillaridan tashkil topgan va ijro etuvchi hokimiyatdan mustaqil organga o’tkazish maqsadga muvofiqligini ko’rsatdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evropa sudyalar assotsiatsiyasi sudyalarning manfaatlarini himoya qiluvchi mustaqil organni tuzishga chaqiradi, uning vakolatiga nafaqat sudyalarni tanlash va martaba o’sishini amalga oshirish, balki sud tizimi doirasida ma’muriy vazifalarni bajarish ham kiradi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratiya va erkinlik uchun Evropa sudyalar assotsiatsiyasining Palermo deklaratsiyasi,shuningdek, Evropa mamlakatlarida sudyalarni tanlash, tayinlash, sudyalarni intizomiy javobgarlikka tortish, sud faoliyatini boshqarish va sudyalarni o’qitish, sud tizimini byudjetlashtirish va byudjet mablag’larini taqsimlash bo’yicha keng vakolatlarga ega bo’lgan sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarini tashkil etish zarurligini e’lon qiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davlatlarning aksariyat qismida (Armaniston, Bolgariya, Italiya, Qozog’iston, Ukraina, Frantsiya va boshqalar) sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining huquqiy holati konstitutsiyalarda yoki Qonunchilik darajasida (Buyuk Britaniya, Vengriya, Daniya, Irlandiya, Litva, Gollandiya, Shvetsiya va boshqalar) o’rnatiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ispaniya, Italiya, Portugaliya va Frantsiya sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarini yaratish va ularning faoliyati tajribasi shu qadar muvaffaqiyatli bo’ldiki, 20-asrning ikkinchi yarmida Evropa, Osiyo, Afrika, Shimoliy va Lotin Amerikasi, yaqin Sharqningko’plab mamlakatlarida sudyalar jamoalarining tuzilmalari yaratildi, ular qandaydir tarzda sud hokimiyati faoliyatini o’z-o’zini tartibga solish vazifalarini bajaradilar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining tuzilishi ko’p jihatdan davlat tuzilishi shakliga bog’liq. Federal Shtatlarda, federal davlatlar bilan bir qatorda, sudyalar hamjamiyatining mintaqaviy organlari mavjud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Italiya, Ispaniya, Portugaliya va Frantsiyada mavjud bo’lgan Janubiy Evropa modeli quyidagi xususiyatlarga ega:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudyalar hamjamiyati organining huquqiy maqomi Konstitutsiyada tartibga solinadi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudyalar hamjamiyati organi faoliyatining asosiy maqsadi himoya qilish va kuchaytirishdir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sud hokimiyatining mustaqilligi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vakolat sudyalarni tanlash, tayinlash va martaba oshirish sohalariga qaratilgan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shimoliy Evropa modeli (Irlandiya, Daniya, Norvegiya, Shvetsiya) quyidagilar bilan tavsiflanadi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– sudyalar hamjamiyati organlariga sud tizimini boshqarish bo’yicha juda keng funktsiyalarni berish (kiruvchi ishlarni ro’yxatga olishni nazorat qilish, sud amaliyotining bir xilligini ta’minlash, ishlarni ko’rib chiqish sifatini nazorat qilish va boshqalar);<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– sudlarning iqtisodiy faoliyatini boshqarish funktsiyasi, shuningdek asosiy byudjet funktsiyalari bilan ta’minlash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Markaziy va Sharqiy Evropada, Lotin Amerikasida sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarini qurishga bo’lgan ehtiyoj keyinchalik paydo bo’ldi, shuning uchun dunyoning boshqa mamlakatlari o’zlarining sudyalar hamjamiyati organ tizimlarini qurishda ikkala modelning xususiyatlarini turli xil kombinatsiyalarda o’zlashtirdilar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shuni yodda tutish kerakki, ushbu tasnif keng qamrovli emas va alohida davlatda organlarni qurishda ideal bo’lib xizmat qila olmaydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining tuzilishi va tarkibi, shuningdek, ushbu organlar qanday maqsadda va qanday funktsiyalar bilan yaratilganiga qarab, turli mamlakatlarda farq qiladi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Sudyalar hamjamiyati sudyalarni tayinlash, tayinlash va martaba oshirish, ularni intizomiy javobgarlikka tortish, o’qitish va malakasini oshirish funktsiyalari mavjud (Bolgariya, Ispaniya, Italiya, Polsha, Portugaliya, Frantsiya, MDHning ba’zi mamlakatlari).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gollandiya, Germaniya, Avstriya ylar alohida funktsiyalarini bajaradilar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Irlandiya, Daniya, Norvegiya, Shvetsiya mustaqil organ sud tizimini iqtisodiy qo’llab-quvvatlash va boshqarish sohasidagi funktsiyalarni o’z ichiga oladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Sudyalarni tayinlash va ilgari surish, ularni intizomiy javobgarlikka tortish modeli (AQSh, Meksika, Litva) mavjud<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko’pgina mamlakatlar orasida sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari sudyalarning ustunligi bilan keng ishtirokchilar tarkibi bilan tavsiflanishi kerak degan fikr mavjud. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunday holda, ikkitasi muvozanatlashadi asosiy tamoyillar: sud hokimiyatining mustaqilligi ta’minlanadi va shu bilan birga sudlar faoliyati ustidan jamoatchilik nazorati amalga oshiriladi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ushbu maqsadga sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari tarkibiga hokimiyatning ijro etuvchi va qonun chiqaruvchi tarmoqlari vakillarini, shuningdek jamoatchilikni kiritish orqali erishiladi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayrim xalqaro hujjatlarda sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari tarkibiga oliy sud organlari vakillarini kiritish zarurligi haqida gap boradi. Boshqa davlatlar sud tizimining barcha darajadagi sudlari vakillarini organlar tarkibiga kiritishni afzal ko’rishadi. Hozirgi vaqtda aksariyat mamlakatlarda sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining tarkibiy tuzilishida birinchi yondashuv mustahkamlangan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudyalardan tashqari, sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari kamida uchta toifadagi a’zo – mansabdor shaxslarni o’z ichiga olishi mumkin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

qonun chiqaruvchi va ijro etuvchi hokimiyat organlari vakillari (Frantsiya, Italiya, Litva, Polsha, Ukraina va boshqalar).;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

yuridik jamoatchilik vakillari advokatlar, olimlar, taniqli yuristlar (AQSh, Argentina, Makedoniya, Ispaniya, Belgiya va boshqalar); fuqarolik jamiyati vakillari va taniqli jamoat arboblari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari (konferentsiyalar, uyushmalar, uyushmalar, sudyalar qurultoylari va boshqalar) faoliyatining asosi ular quyidagi yo’nalishlarda aktlar (qarorlar, qarorlar, tavsiyalar, xulosalar va boshqalar) qabul qilishlari qoidasiga asoslanadi: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– sud tizimiga nisbatan davlat siyosatining ta’rifi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– sudyalarni tanlash va tayinlash;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– sudyalarni martaba pog’onasiga ko’tarish va ko’tarish;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– sudyalarni intizomiy javobgarlikka tortish;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– sudlar faoliyatini boshqarish va byudjet sohasidagi vakolatlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudyalar hamjamiyati hujjatlarini qabul qilish va o’zgartirish tartibi sudyalar hamjamiyatining ta’sis hujjatlari, qoidalari va protseduralarida tartibga solinadi. Deyarli har doim ular malakali ko’pchilik ovozlarning pozitsiyalari yoki kongresslar, konferentsiyalar, sudyalar uyushmalari ishtirokchilari asosida qabul qilinadi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudyalar hamjamiyatining oliy organlarining tashkiliy-huquqiy masalalar bo’yicha hujjatlari va qarorlari tavsiya, tushuntirish yoki ruxsat berish xususiyatiga ega, sudyalar tarkibidan chiqarish yoki intizomiy axloqiy sanktsiyalarni qo’llash masalalari majburiy xususiyatga ega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xulosa qilib shuni ta’kidlaymizki, O’zbekistonda sudyalar hamjamiyati organlari kengash, malaka hay ‘ atlari, konferensiyalar, sudyalar uyushmalarini tashkil etadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xorijiy amaliyotga asoslanib, sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining maqomi sifatida qonunchilikni mustahkamlash, ularning vazifalari va funktsiyalarini farqlash, shuningdek, axborot-tushuntirish, ruxsat berish va intizomiy xarakterdagi hujjatlarni qabul qilish va o’zgartirish tartibini belgilash zarur deb hisoblaymiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

yu. f.d., professor B. Ismoilov (QXSI)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sud hokimiyatining mustaqilligini ta’minlash O’zbekiston Respublikasini rivojlantirishning ustuvor yo ‘nalishlarini samarali amalga oshirish va umuman o’tkazilayotgan islohotlarning muvaffaqiyatining asosiy shartlaridan biridir. Shu munosabat bilan, o’tgan yillar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7768,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[104],"class_list":["post-7769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-52","tag-sud"],"yoast_head":"\nXorijiy mamlakatlarda sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining hujjatlarini qabul qilish va o'zgartirish  - Jurnalist24.uz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jurnalist24.uz\/?p=7769\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"uz_UZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Xorijiy mamlakatlarda sudyalar hamjamiyati organlarining hujjatlarini qabul qilish va o'zgartirish  - Jurnalist24.uz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sud hokimiyatining mustaqilligini ta’minlash O’zbekiston Respublikasini rivojlantirishning ustuvor yo ‘nalishlarini samarali amalga oshirish va umuman o’tkazilayotgan islohotlarning muvaffaqiyatining asosiy shartlaridan biridir. 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