{"id":8275,"date":"2026-04-05T12:46:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-05T12:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jurnalist24.uz\/?p=8275"},"modified":"2026-04-05T14:47:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T14:47:09","slug":"inllyuziv-talim-sharoitida-kognitiv-faoliyatni-rivojlantirishga-yonaltirilgan-pedagogik-yondashuvlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jurnalist24.uz\/?p=8275","title":{"rendered":"INKLYUZIV TA\u2019LIM SHAROITIDA KOGNITIV FAOLIYATNI RIVOJLANTIRISHGA YO\u2019NALTIRILGAN PEDAGOGIK YONDASHUVLAR."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

University of Business and Science magistrant<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naqibjonova Maftuna Zohidjon qiz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+998939478243<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi inklyuziv ta\u2019limga muhtoj bolalarning kognitiv faoliyatini rivojlantirish orqali ularni maktab va jamiyatga moslashtirish, sog\u2018lom bolalar bilan birgalikda mashg\u2018ulotlarga jalb etish hamda maktabgacha ta\u2019limda ularga ajratilgan keng imkoniyatlar tizimi yoritilgan. Kognitiv qobiliyatlar ta\u2019lim jarayonining ajralmas qismi bo\u2018lib, inklyuziv ta\u2019limga muhtoj bolalarda o\u2018rganish va rivojlanish jarayonida muhim rol o\u2018ynaydi. Kognitiv jarayonlar bolalarda bilish, his qilish va aqliy faoliyat orqali, turli xil didaktik o\u2018yinlar yordamida namoyon bo\u2018ladi. Maqola inklyuziv ta\u2019lim hamda ko\u2018p tarmoqli ixtisoslashtirilgan maktabgacha ta\u2019lim muassasalari pedagog va tarbiyachilariga metodik tavsiyalar berish bilan birga, amaliy mashg\u2018ulotlar uchun ham foydalidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalit so\u2018zlar: kognitiv faoliyat, maktabgacha ta\u2019lim, inklyuziv ta\u2019lim, bolalarni jamiyatga tayyorlash, psixologik xususiyatlar, bilish jarayoni, didaktik o\u2018yinlar, pedagogik metodika. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u043d\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract: This article examines the development of cognitive activity in preschool-aged children who require inclusive education, their integration into school and society, their participation in activities together with typically developing children, and the wide range of opportunities provided for them in preschool education. Cognitive abilities are an integral part of the educational process and play an important role in the learning and development of children in need of inclusive education. Cognitive processes are manifested through cognition, perception, and mental activities by means of various didactic games. The article provides methodological recommendations for teachers and educators working in inclusive and multidisciplinary specialized preschool education, as well as practical activities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key words: cognitive activity, preschool education, inclusive education, preparing children for society, psychological characteristics, cognitive process, didactic games, pedagogical methodology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maktabgacha ta\u2019lim tizimiga bugungi kunda kattae\u2019tibor qaratilmoqda . Respublikamizda ta\u2019lim tarbiyatizimining boshlang\u2019ich poydevori bo\u2019lganmaktabgacha ta\u2019limni sifatli  va zamon talabidarajasida tashkil etilishini taminlash borasida  kengqamrovli islohotlar , qator chora tadbirlar amalgaoshirilmoqda.  Ahamiyatli tomoni   \u00ab O\u2019zbekistonRespublikasi maktabgacha ta\u2019lim tizimini  2030yilgacha rivojlantirish  Kontsepsiyasi\u00bb da maktabgachayoshdagi bolalarni  har tomonlama intelektual, ahloqiyva estetik rivojlanishi uchun  shart sharoitlar yaratishmasalasi ustuvor masalalaridan biridir. Prezidentimiztomonidan qabul qilingan yuqoridagi qaror farmonlaruzluksiz ta\u2019lim tizimining  muhim bog\u2019ini hisoblangan maktabgacha ta\u2019lim tizimini yanada takomillashtirish, maktabgacha ta\u2019lim muassasalarining davlat hamdainklyuziv ta\u2019lim va  nodavlat  tarmog\u2019ini kengaytirish, ularni malakali  pedagog kadrlar bilan taminlashdadasturilamalga aylandi. \u00abIlk va maktabgacha yoshdagibolalarning rivojlanishiga quyiladigon  davlattalablari\u00bb va \u00abIlk qadam\u00bb Davlat dasturining ishlabchiqarilishi uzluksiz ta\u2019lim tizimida maktabgachata\u2019limni samarali amalga oshirish uchun kengimkoniyatlar yaratdi. Davlatimiz tomonidan inklyuzivta\u2019limga alohida e\u2019tibor qaratilmoqda. DavlatimizRahbari sog\u2019ligida nuqsoni bo\u2019lgan bolalarni sog\u2019lombolaga qushish orqali ularni jamiyatdan uzilibqolmasligini ular ham o\u2019zlarini sog\u2019lom bolalarday his qilishadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bolalarning kognitiv (bilish)  faoliyatinirivojlantirish orqali  ularni maktabga  tayyorlashmuhim pedagogik vazifa bo\u2019lib qolmoqda. Inklyuzivta\u2019lim  tizim orqali  bolalarning mantiqiy tafakkuri, e\u2019tibor xotira va kuzatuvchanlik qobilyatlarini rivojlantirish ustuvor ahamiyat kasb etadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kognitiv pedagogika va inklyuziv ta\u2019lim sohalarita\u2019lim jarayonida muhim ro\u2019l o\u2019ynaydi. Kognitivta\u2019lim- xarakter , tarbiya, kuzatish va atrofdagi dunyoniaks ettirish natijasida ongda rivojlangan bilimlar tizimi. Ushbu tizim orqali maqsadlar quyiladi va ma\u2019lum birvaziyatda bolalarni bilish qiziqish jarayonlarinitarbiyachilar kuzatishi orqali bolalarni ma\u2019lum birqobilyatlariga qiziqishlarini bilib olish mumkin. XX- asrning ikkinchi yarmidan kognitiv pedagogikaatamasi qo\u2019llanila boshlangan. Kognitiv pedagogikpedagogikaning eng yosh istiqbolli tarmog\u2019ibo\u2019lganligi uchun ham o\u2019zining  shakllanish, rivojlanish tarixi va takomillashtirish  tendensiyalarigaega. Kognitiv pedagogika kognitiv psixologiyagatayanadi. Kognitiv pedagogika inklyuziv ta\u2019limda kognitiv o\u2019qitish muammolarini o\u2019rganadi. Pedagogika entsiklopediyasida \u00abkognitiv\u00bb,  kognitivta\u2019lim  tushunchalariga quyidagicha tarif berilgan; kognitiv shaxsning- mustaqil ijodiy fikrlash jarayoniniifodalovchi atama. Kognitiv ta\u2019lim- atrof olamhaqidagi bilim doirasini  kengaytirish tafakkurnishakllantirish, bilish ehtiyojlarini rivojlantirish ta\u2019limi, psixologik tadqiqot sohalarida hamda pedagogikaningyonalishlaridan biri. Kognitiv faoliyat maktabgachayoshdagi bolalarning yangi bilim konikmalariningichki qat\u2019iyat va ma\u2019lum bilimlar toplash uchun turlixil xarakat usullaridan foydalanish zaruriyatiga bo\u2019lganqiziqishini aks ettiradi. Kognitiv faoliyat- dunyoobyektlari va hodisalari haqida to\u2019liq ma\u2019lumotgaintilish. Bolaning kognitiv faolligini shakllantirishgata\u2019sir etuvchi omillar sifatida ularni qiziqishlariniinobatga olish zarur.  Ta\u2019lim jarayonida o\u2019yinuslublarini qo\u2019llashga tarbiyachilarning  qiziqishiortishi quyidagi hodisalar bilan bog\u2019liq. Birinchidan ,o\u2019yin texnikasini amaliyotga joriy etish ijtimoiy tashkiletishning yangi shakllarini  va tarbiyachi va bola o\u2019rtasidagi munosabatlar ma\u2019daniyatini topishgaqaratilgan bir qator umumiy ijtimoiy \u2013ma\u2019daniyjarayonlar bilan bevosita bog\u2019liqdir. Inklyuziv ta\u2019lim jarayonida pedagoglarning bolalar bilan muloqotma\u2019daniyatini oshirish zarurati maktabgacha yoshdagibolalarning kognitiv faolligini oshirish vao\u2019rganilayotgan  mavzularga qiziqishinirag\u2019batlantirish zarurati bilan izohlanadi. Maktabgachata\u2019lim yoshdagi bolalarda kognitiv  faoliyatnishakllantirishdan maqsad ham mazmunli bilimga egabolib maktab ta\u2019limiga aqlan rivojlangan qilibtarbiyalashdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kognitiv faoliyat katta maktabgacha yoshdagibolalarning yangi bilim, konikma, ichki qat\u2019iyat vama\u2019lum bilimlarni toplash  va kengaytirish uchun turlixil harakat usullaridan  foydalanish zaruriyatigabo\u2019lgan qiziqishini aks ettiradi. Maktabgacha ta\u2019limyoshidagi bolalarga kognitiv faoliyatini rivojlantirishdapedagoglarni   eng samarali tomonlari matematiktasavvurlarni shakllantirish jarayonlarida namoyonbo\u2019ladi va matematika o\u2019qitish metodikasida asosiyo\u2019rinni metodik usullar sifatida beriladigon savollardidaktik oyinlar egallaydi. Kognitiv faoliyat bubolalarning bilimlarini qabul qilishi, eslab qolishi, qayta ishlashi va amalda qo\u2019llash qobilyatidur. Bungaquyidagilar kiradi: diqqat, tafakkur, xotira, idrok, nutqfaoliyati. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bolalarni psixologik hususiyatlarini bilish. Obrazlitafakkur asosida fikrlashi, o\u2019yin faoliyatini  kuzatishorqali bilish , rangli va harakatli tasvirlar orqali bilishjarayonini kuzatish. Inklyuziv ta\u2019limda kognitiv faoliyatini rivojlantirish usullari, didaktik oyinlar, interaktiv mashg\u2019ulotlar, hikoyalar va ertaklar asosidatahlil qilish kuzatish mashqlari, multimedia materiallardan foydalanish. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bolaning inklyuziv ta\u2019limdan maktabga intellektualtayyorgarligini ta\u2019minlash. Bilish konikmalarinirivojlantirishga yonaltirilgan materiallar. Vizual vainteraktiv yondashuvlar. Didaktik materiallaro\u2019yinchoqlar,audio-vizual vositalar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inklyuziv ta\u2019lim jarayonida kognitiv faoliyatinirivojlantirishda pedagogik malakalarni yetarli bo\u2019lishi maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni maktabgatayyorlashdagi eng muhim omillardan biridur. Bu faoliyat orqali avvalo bolani bilim darajasini tekshiribfikrlashni, bilish jarayonini tekshirib shu asosidadidaktik o\u2019yinlar orqali mashg\u2019ulotlar o\u2019tish zarur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tarbiyachilar  uchun inklyuziv ta\u2019limda kognitivmashg\u2019ulotlar  bo\u2019yicha metodik qo\u2019llanmalar ishlabchiqish<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Kognitiv faoliyatning rivojiga xizmat qiluvchio\u2019yinchoqlar va interaktiv  darsliklarni yaratish<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Har bir bolaga individual yondashuvni ta\u2019minlash<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bugungi kunda inklyuziv  ta\u2019lim pedagogikadaquyidagi yo\u2019nalishlarni ilmiy asoslashga  alohidae\u2019tibor qaratilmoqda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ta\u2019lim oluvchilarning  kognitiv jarayonlarinirivojlantirish texnologiyalarini ishlab chiqish<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ta\u2019lim oluvchilarning shaxsiy kognitiv jarayonlarini, faollashtirish imkoniyatlarini aniqlash , orqali ulardaijodkorlik sifatlarini rivojlantirish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kognitiv ta\u2019lim jarayonlarida quyidagi metodlarustuvor o\u2019rin egallaydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Reproduktiv<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Izlanuvchanlikga  undovchi evristik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Kreativ metodlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korinib turibdiki kognitiv pedagogikatadqiqotlarning  yangi sohasini kashf etish imkoniniberadi. Inklyuziv ta\u2019limda pedagogikada shaxsning ijodiy imkoniyatlarini kengaytirishga xizmat qiladigonkognitiv texnologiyalaridan foydalanish zaruratikuchaymoqda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO\u2018YHATI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Mirziyoyev Sh.M  Buyuk kelajagimizni mard vaoliyjanob  xalqimiz bilan birga quramiz. -Toshkent; O\u2019zbekiston. 2017 -488b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. O\u2019zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh. M. Mirziyoyevning 2022-01-28-dagi PF-60-sonli Farmoni<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. O\u2019zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2017-09-30-dagi \u2018\u2019O\u2019zbekiston Respublikasi Maktabgachata\u2019lim vazirligi faoliyatini tashkil etish tog\u2019risida\u2019\u2019giPQ-3305-sonli qarori<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Axmedova.N Bolalarni maktabga tayyorlashmetodikasi,Toshkent 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Vigotiskiy. L , S Pedagogika psixologiya Moskva 1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Qodirova Z va boshqalar Maktabgacha ta\u2019limnazariyasi va amaliyoti Toshkent 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Safarova R. G Kognitiv pedagogikaga oid nazariyyondashuvlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Fotima Qodirova Maktabgacha pedagogika.Toshkent – 2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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